Geotextile
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Geotextiles are permeable fabrics which, when used in association with soil, have the ability to separate, filter, reinforce, protect, or drain. Typically made from polypropylene or polyester, geotextile fabrics come in three basic forms: woven (looks like mail bag sacking), needle punched (looks like felt), or heat bonded (looks like ironed felt).
Geotextile composites have been introduced and products such as geogrids and meshes have been developed. Overall, these materials are referred to as geosynthetics and each configuration—-geonets, geogrids and others—-can yield benefits in geotechnical and environmental engineering design.
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[edit] Applications
Geotextiles and related products have many applications and currently support many civil engineering applications including roads, airfields, railroads, embankments, retaining structures, reservoirs, canals, dams, bank protection, coastal engineering and construction site silt fences. Usually geotextiles are placed at the tension surface to strengthen the soil. Geotextiles are also used for sand dune armoring to protect upland coastal property from storm surge, wave action and flooding. A large sand-filled container (SFC) within the dune system prevents storm erosion from proceeding beyond the SFC. Using a sloped unit rather than a single tube eliminates damaging scour. Erosion control manuals comment on the effectiveness of sloped, stepped shapes in mitigating shoreline erosion damage from storms, and geotextile sand-filled units provide a "soft" armoring solution for upland property protection.[citation needed]
Geotextiles can improve soil strength at a lower cost than conventional soil nailing.[citation needed] In addition, geotextiles allow planting on steep slopes, further securing the slope.
Geotextiles have been used to protect the fossil hominid footprints of Laetoli in Tanzania from erosion, rain, and tree roots.[1]
In building demolition, geotextile fabrics in combination with steel wire fencing can contain explosive debris.[2]
Coir (coconut fiber) geotextiles are a popular solution for erosion control,slope stabilization and bioengineering, due to the fabric's substantial mechanical strength.[who?] Coir geotextiles last approximately 3 to 5 years depending on the fabric weight. The product degrades into humus, enriching the soil.[citation needed]
[edit] Design considerations
To use geotextiles to reinforce a steep slope, two components have to be calculated:
- the tension required for equilibrium
- the appropriate layout of the geotextile reinforcement.
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[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ Renfrew, Colin and Paul Bahn, Archaeology. 4th ed. New York: Thames 2004.
- ^ WGBH Boston (1996-12). "Interview with Stacey Loizeaux". NOVA Online. Public Broadcasting Service. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/kaboom/loizeaux.html. Retrieved 2009-04-29. "Other preparatory operations involve covering/wrapping the columns first with chain link fence and then with geotextile fabric, which is very puncture resistant and has a very high tensile strength. It allows the concrete to move, but it keeps the concrete from flying. The chain link catches the bigger material and the fabric catches the smaller material from flying up and out."
[edit] External links
- Alberta Government site on Geotechnical and Erosion Control
- Enviro Technical Systems. Installation of geotextile and geomembrane products
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