Pashmina
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Pashmina refers to a type of fine cashmere wool and the textiles made from it.[1][2] The name comes from Pashmineh, made from Persian pashm ("wool").[2] The wool comes from changthangi or pashmina goat, which is a special breed of goat indigenous to high altitudes of the Himalayas. Pashmina shawls are hand spun, woven and embroidered in Kashmir, and made from fine cashmere fibre.[1][3]
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[edit] History
The fibre is also known as pashm or pashmina for its use in the handmade shawls of Kashmir.[4] The woolen shawls made from wool in Kashmir find written mention in Indian texts between 3rd century BC and the 11th century AD.[5] However, the founder of the cashmere wool industry is traditionally held to be the 15th century ruler of Kashmir, Zayn-ul-Abidin, who introduced weavers from Central Asia.[5]
Cashmere shawls have been manufactured in Nepal and Kashmir for thousands of years. The test for a quality pashmina is warmth and feel.
[edit] Production
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The goat sheds its winter coat every spring. One goat sheds approximately 3-6 ounces of the fibre. See also Cashmere wool
To meet the demand, the goats are now commercially reared in the Gobi Desert area in Inner and Outer Mongolia. The region has identical harsh weather conditions to those of the Himalayan region, and is thereby apt for the goats to grow this inner wool, but also has acres of grazing ground to produce cashmere economically and commercially. During spring (the molting season) the goats shed this inner wool, which regrows in winter. The inner wool is collected and spun to produce cashmere. The quality of the cashmere produced in the Gobi Desert is just as high as that produced in the Himalayas, while the costs are less.
A softening process is used by manufacturers of 100% pashmina products, which gives the pashmina a soft, almost silken quality. Sometimes Pashmina is a blend of pure pashmina wool and silk. This gives strength and durability to the pashmina. As a general rule though, the higher content of pashmina wool, the more expensive the textile.
[edit] Pashmina products
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Pashmina accessories are available in a range of sizes, from "scarf" (12" x 60") to "wrap" or "stole" (28" x 80") to full sized shawl (36" x 80"). Pure pashmina is a rather gauzy, open weave, as the fibre cannot tolerate high tension. The most popular pashmina fabric is a 70% pashmina/30% silk blend, but 50/50 is also common. The 70/30 is tightly woven, has an elegant sheen and drapes nicely, but is still quite soft and light-weight.
A pashmina shawl can range in cost from as little as about $35US for a pure pashmina scarf or up to thousands of $US for a super high-quality pure pashmina shawl. They are known for their softness and warmth. A craze for pashminas in the mid-1990s resulted in high demand for pashminas, so demand exceeded supply.
When pashmina shawls rose into fashion prominence during the mid-'90s, they were marketed dubiously. Cashmere used for pashmina shawls was claimed to be of a superior quality, which was really due to the enhanced sheen and softness that the fabric (cashmere blended with silk) had. In the consuming markets, pashmina shawls were redefined as a shawl/wrap with cashmere and silk, notwithstanding the actual meaning of pashmina. Some shawls marketed as pashmina shawls contain wool,[1] while other unscrupulous companies marketed the man-made fabric viscose as "pashmina" with deceptive marketing statements such as "authentic viscose pashmina".
[edit] In popular culture
- In the song I'm on a Boat by The Lonely Island, the singers allude to the luxuriousness of pashmina afghans. In the song, the lyrics refer to said pashmina as having a nautical-themed print on it.
[edit] See also
[edit] External links
[edit] References
- ^ a b c Franck, Robert R. (October 2001). Silk, Mohair, Cashmere and Other Luxury Fibres. Woodhead Publishing. p. 142. ISBN 1855735407. http://books.google.com/books?id=M-om7HI3rwcC&pg=PA142&vq=pashmina&dq=cashmere+pashmina&lr=&as_brr=3&client=firefox-a&source=gbs_search_s&sig=ACfU3U3kA5WpJP7CKvHEXVHVm2bu22iDhw. Retrieved 2008-07-08.
- ^ a b "Pashmina." The Oxford English Dictionary. 2nd ed. 1989.
- ^ Morse, Linda; Lidia Karabinech, Lina Perl, Colby Brin (October 2005). Luxury Knitting: The Ultimate Guide to Exquisite Yarns. Sterling Publishing. p. 12. ISBN 1931543860. http://books.google.com/books?id=r2N05Gz_FUsC&pg=PA12&dq=cashmere+pashmina&client=firefox-a&sig=ACfU3U3oMlvpaskBe5tS3laCsAGGcNlpsA#PPA12,M1. Retrieved 2008-07-08.
- ^ Encyclopedia Britannica (2008). cashmere.
- ^ a b Encyclopedia Britannica (2008). kashmir shawl.
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